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On 13 November 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) released the Digital Personal Data Protection Act and Rules, completing India’s data protection framework. The phased rollout spans 18 months - core provisions and the Data Protection Board take effect immediately, consent manager obligations follow in 12 months, and full compliance requirements in 18 months.

The Rules mandate clear consent notices, breach reporting within 72 hours, parental consent for children, data retention norms, and stricter duties for Significant Data Fiduciaries, including annual audits and data protection and impact assessment (DPIA). Cross-border transfers adopt a “negative list” approach, aligning India closer to global standards like GDPR.

For businesses, this is more than compliance - it’s a strategic imperative to embed privacy-by-design, strengthen governance, and build trust in the digital economy.

Key highlights of the DPDPA

The DPB acts as the central authority for enforcing the DPDP Act. It has powers to investigate breaches, adjudicate disputes, and impose penalties up to INR 250 crore. The Board ensures accountability and compliance across organisations handling personal data.
The Act mandates specific timelines for responding to data principal requests such as access, correction, withdrawal of consent, and grievance resolution. This ensures faster and more transparent handling of individual rights.
Consent Managers are now part of a regulated framework, enabling individuals to manage and withdraw consent easily across multiple platforms. This strengthens user control over personal data processing.
A comprehensive compliance framework covering consent and notices, breach reporting, data retention, children’s data safeguards, cross-border transfers, Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIAs), and additional obligations for Significant Data Fiduciaries (SDF).

What our leaders have to say

A contemporary #DataPrivacy regime as a part of India’s #RegulatoryEcosytem, one of the six ecosystems that we are shaping, is critical to help shape #VibrantBharat. The #DPDPA rules represent a significant milestone, balancing two critical priorities-safeguarding individual data rights and fostering responsible business innovation. This is an opportunity for businesses to build trust through responsible data use, advance AI safety and align with global data governance standards.

Vishesh C. Chandiok CEO, Grant Thornton Bharat

DPDPA is a defining moment in India’s digital journey. When organisations protect personal data with integrity, we don’t just meet regulations; we strengthen citizen trust and help shape a #VibrantBharat.

Deepankar Sanwalka Senior Partner, Grant Thornton Bharat

Impact of DPDPA

Financial services

Customer profiling, authentication, sensitive data
Process outsourcing - fintech partnerships, data processing, product alliances
Risk management - credit, AML, fraud and insurance
Financial information and transaction data
Fingerprints, facial recognition data for secure access

Tech, media, telecommunications and entertainment (TMTE)

Personal preferences and behaviour
Device information and location
Personal data from online activities
Communication records, media consumption patterns, browsing histories

Consume and retail products

Name, address and contact numbers
Consumer preferences
Payment and transaction data
Browsing histories, shopping preferences, feedback and reviews
Service usage, feedback, loyalty programme details

Healthcare and life sciences

Patient health records
Health insurance
Clinical trial data
Biometric and genetic data
Appointment histories, feedback, health monitoring data
Diagnostic results, treatment plans, prescription records

Tourism and hospitality

Travel itinerary
Payment information
Reservation information
Guest feedback
Credit card details, transaction histories, billing information

Digital natives

Identity data - Name, date of birth, gender, profile picture
Behavioural data - Browsing history, social media likes, comments, and shares
Health data - Fitness activity, medical history
Communication data - Chat messages, voice call recordings, emails or feedback submitted via platforms

The experts viewpoint

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How Grant Thornton Bharat can help?

Develop customised compliance approaches for different industries

Establish and manage Data Protection Offices

Implement automated tools to ensure compliance

Guide organisations in data gathering to meet DPDP requirements

Streamline data assimilation and management processes

Deliver independent data audit services

Integrate compliance into governance practices

Uphold reputation by ensuring airtight compliance for independent directors

Support CIOs and CISOs with strategic and technical measures

10.

Align IT systems with DPDP requirements through expert collaboration

11.

Resolve data breach disputes with expert intervention

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